// fig09_18.cpp // public member function that // returns a reference to private data. #include #include #include "Time.h" // include definition of class Time int main() { Time t{}; // create Time object // initialize hourRef with the reference returned by badSetHour int& hourRef{t.badSetHour(20)}; // 20 is a valid hour std::cout << fmt::format( "Valid hour before modification: {}\n", hourRef); hourRef = 30; // use hourRef to set invalid value in Time object t std::cout << fmt::format( "Invalid hour after modification: {}\n\n", t.getHour()); // Dangerous: Function call that returns a reference can be // used as an lvalue! POOR PROGRAMMING PRACTICE!!!!!!!! t.badSetHour(12) = 74; // assign another invalid value to hour std::cout << "After using t.badSetHour(12) as an lvalue, " << fmt::format("hour is: {}\n", t.getHour()); } /************************************************************************** * (C) Copyright 1992-2022 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and * * Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. * * * * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their * * best efforts in preparing the book. These efforts include the * * development, research, and testing of the theories and programs * * to determine their effectiveness. The authors and publisher make * * no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these * * programs or to the documentation contained in these books. The authors * * and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or * * consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the * * furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. * **************************************************************************/