// fig05_06.cpp // Scoping example. #include using namespace std; void useLocal(); // function prototype void useStaticLocal(); // function prototype void useGlobal(); // function prototype int x{1}; // global variable int main() { cout << "global x in main is " << x << '\n'; const int x{5}; // local variable to main cout << "local x in main's outer scope is " << x << '\n'; { // block starts a new scope const int x{7}; // hides both x in outer scope and global x cout << "local x in main's inner scope is " << x << '\n'; } cout << "local x in main's outer scope is " << x << '\n'; useLocal(); // useLocal has local x useStaticLocal(); // useStaticLocal has static local x useGlobal(); // useGlobal uses global x useLocal(); // useLocal reinitializes its local x useStaticLocal(); // static local x retains its prior value useGlobal(); // global x also retains its prior value cout << "\nlocal x in main is " << x << '\n'; } // useLocal reinitializes local variable x during each call void useLocal() { int x{25}; // initialized each time useLocal is called cout << "\nlocal x is " << x << " on entering useLocal\n"; ++x; cout << "local x is " << x << " on exiting useLocal\n"; } // useStaticLocal initializes static local variable x only the // first time the function is called; value of x is saved // between calls to this function void useStaticLocal() { static int x{50}; // initialized first time useStaticLocal is called cout << "\nlocal static x is " << x << " on entering useStaticLocal\n"; ++x; cout << "local static x is " << x << " on exiting useStaticLocal\n"; } // useGlobal modifies global variable x during each call void useGlobal() { cout << "\nglobal x is " << x << " on entering useGlobal\n"; x *= 10; cout << "global x is " << x << " on exiting useGlobal\n"; } /************************************************************************** * (C) Copyright 1992-2022 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and * * Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. * * * * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their * * best efforts in preparing the book. These efforts include the * * development, research, and testing of the theories and programs * * to determine their effectiveness. The authors and publisher make * * no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these * * programs or to the documentation contained in these books. The authors * * and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or * * consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the * * furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. * **************************************************************************/